Voting in society Essay Example For Students

Voting in society Essay What classifies us as being American citizens? Why is there an America? Why is America admired throughout the world? In all these answers one would tell you democracy. As a global society America is the eager teenager protesting their new thought democracy. Democracy, a principle that has created enemies and friends, war and even model governments all over the world. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary the definition of democracy is a government by the people; the people hold rule of majority a government in witch a supreme power, or in simpler terms majority rules. The people that built the united states of America had no idea that their creation would become a world power as explained in many history books they where the outcasts coming to a new land to start over. We will write a custom essay on Voting in society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Back to the word democracy or by the people: at the time the creators of the constitution without the future we have now in mind they made laws based on the current time. In making decision of who would run this great democracy there had to be a way to choose the leader of the executive branch. Naturally, for the people by the people and of the people would have been in mind. However you must think of the people at the time. In the eyes of some of the framers of the constitution some of the people were not educated nor had the government that they created been mature. However more than anything else due to lack of mass communication that we now have today people where easily mislead. Most framers felt that the representinitive that the people chose should elect the leader seeing both sides the framers chose a compromise to have a popular vote and implemented a system called the Electoral College. According the Encarta encyclopedia software. The description of Electoral College is collective name for the electors who nominally choose the president and vice president of the United States. This group comprises the electors from the separate states who are selected by the voters in presidential elections. Each state is entitled to a number of electors equal to the total number of senators and representatives it sends to the U.S. Congress. So how does this system effect society? As a future sociologist in my opinion it gives America especially black America a great mistrust, of our system of government. During the time when these laws where made many people did not vote it was only for the elite and formally educated people. So there was an elite and formally educated system created to fit the needs of 18th century Americans. In the United States we have outlived many laws as a country. Many concepts that where once unheard of are now everyday things. Our founding fathers probably never imagined radio, telephones or television. I do not think our grandparents even thought the Internet would be possible or as lucrative as it is. As a future public policy maker it is a social problem to not trust the people. The people know that they are not trusted and in this particular election I know black people especially feel let down by the system. As a future sociologist a scientist of people I feel it is the obligation of myself and other people in my field to help public policy makers come up with a system that better represents the people. It is also my obligation to help the people better understand the system. Bibliography: encarta and internt .

Calibration of Temperature and Pressure Sensors Essays

Calibration of Temperature and Pressure Sensors Essays Calibration of Temperature and Pressure Sensors Essay Calibration of Temperature and Pressure Sensors Essay CALIBRATION OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE SENSORS Mechanical Engineering Department Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles, California ABSTRACT In this laboratory experiment, an Omega Model PX- 236-060GV piezoresistive pressure transducer was calibrated, by using an AMTEK model deadweight pressure tester. For the temperature calibration an Jofra Model C-140 temperature calibrator was used. The experiment began by setting up the Jofra Model C-140 temperature calibrator, and taking data from two systems, which were different temperatures. Then the lab went into measuring the outputs of the pressure transducer at different pressures. In conclusion the pressure calibrator and temperature calibrator were proved to be accurate in their measurements through the use of plots, data analysis and statistical analysis methods. Proofread by: TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Introduction 3 Theory Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusions and Recommendations References Appendices Appendix A INTRODUCTION The goal of this lab project was to calibrate temperature and pressure measurement systems. The systems we calibrated, were the Omega Model PX-236-060GV Piezoresistive Pressure Transducer, a thermocouple, and a thermistor. In order to obtain more accurate and precise readings, an AMTEK Model RK Deadweight Pressure Tester was utilized to calibrate an Omega Model PX236-06GV Piezoresistive Pressure Transducer. We had to add metal plates in increments of 5 psig until we reached 60 psig to a deadweight tester. The way we used the results was by using them to calculate the percent error and standard deviation. The results that were expected were that this calibration experiment would use two methods of calibration which both would work well. These results can be used by manufacturers so that less possible mistakes can be done when taking measurements. THEORY Calibration is a comparison between measurements, one of known magnitude or correctness made or set with one device and another measurement made in as similar a way possible with a second device. The device with the known or assigned correctness is called the standard. The second device is the unit under test which is the device being tested. Furthermore temperature calibration is tested using thermocouple and a thermistor. The thermocouple is a junction between two different metals that produces a voltage related to a temperature difference. The thermistor is a semiconductor device that has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, in contrast to the positive coefficient displayed by most metals. | Figure : Temperature calibration system (Angelica, 2010) | | Figure : Pressure calibration system (Angelica, 2010)| EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The following equipment and materials used in the experiment were: * Jofra model C-140 Temperature Calibrator Probe including a thermistor and K-type thermocouple * Keithley Model 175 A digital multimeter * Tegam Model 819 digital temperature measuring system | Figure : Jofra model C-140 Temperature Calibrator| The experiment procedure was as follows: * For the temperature calibrations measure and record the output of the two systems at temperatures ranging from 0o C to 100o C in 10 o C increments * Then the Jofra calibrator will automatically provide the various temperatures * Then it will take 6 – 7 minutes to produce the desire temperature at steady state * For the thermistor you will measure the resistance For pressure calibrations measure and record the pressure transducer output at applied pressures starting at 0 psig increasing up to 60 psig in increments of 5psig RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Instrument calibration is one of the primary processes used to maintain instrument accuracy. Calibration is the process of configuring an instrument to provide a result for a sample within an acceptable range. Eliminating or minimizing factors that cause inaccurate measurements is a fundamental aspect of instrumentation design. Although the exact procedure may vary from product to product, the calibration process generally involves using the instrument to test samples of one or more known values called â€Å"calibrators. † The results are used to establish a relationship between the measurement technique used by the instrument and the known values. The process in essence â€Å"teaches† the instrument to produce results that are more accurate than those that would occur otherwise. The instrument can then provide more accurate results when samples of unknown values are tested in the normal usage of the product. Calibrations are performed using only a few calibrators to establish the correlation at specific points within the instrument’s operating range. While it might be desirable to use a large number of calibrators to establish the calibration relationship, or â€Å"curve†, the time and labor associated with preparing and testing a large number of calibrators might outweigh the resulting level of performance. From a practical standpoint, a tradeoff must be made between the desired level of product performance and the effort associated with accomplishing the calibration. The instrument will provide the best performance when the intermediate points provided in the manufacturer’s performance specifications are used for calibration; the specified process essentially eliminates, or â€Å"zeroes out†, the inherent instrument error at these points (Advance Instruments Inc. ). The table below shows the data voltage of the pressure transducer when the weight plates are added in increments of 5psig. One of the observations done was that as the pressure increased then the percent error would decrease. My assumption is that as the weight kept increasing then it started to make the small un-calibrated weight difference ignorable. Table 1: Pressure Measurement System Calibration (11/9/10) @ 10:30am| True Pressure (psig)| Voltage (mV)| Percent Error (%)| 0| 0. 4| N/A| 5| 5. 7| 14| 10| 10. 7| 7| 15| 15. 6| 4| 20| 20. 6| 3| 25| 25. 5| 2| 30| 30. 5| 1. 7| 35| 35. 5| 1. 4| 40| 40. 5| 1. 3| 45| 45. 5| 1. 1| 50| 50. 4| 0. 8| 55| 55. 4| 0. 7| 60| 60. 4| 0. 7| The graph below shows the true pressure versus the outputted voltage from the pressure measuring system. The accuracy and precision of the system is shown in the equation shown on the graph where the slope as it is close to 1 shows accurate measurements. Graph 1: True Pressure vs. Output Pressure The table below shows the data collected from the thermocouple and the thermistor. The percent error part comes from using only the thermocouple data not the thermistor. The temperature measurement system seems to be more precise than the pressure system since the percent errors are smaller and not vary as much. Table 2: Temperature Measurement System Calibration (11/9/10) @ 10:30am| Temperature (0C)| Thermistor (k)| Thermocouple (0C)| Percent Error (%)| 20| 63. 31| 19. 6| 2| 30| 38. 57| 29. 4| 2| 40| 24. 04| 39. 2| 2| 50| 15. 34| 49. 3| 1. 4| 60| 10. 03| 59. 2| 1. 3| 70| 6. 71| 69. 2| 1. 1| 80| 4. 58| 79. 2| 1| 90| 3. 17| 89. 3| 0. 78| 100| 2. 25| 99. 2| 0. 8| The graph below shows the true temperature versus the indicated thermocouple temperature. From the data we can see that as the temperature increased also the accuracy of the thermocouple. The standard deviation of the thermocouple was 21. 52, and the standard deviation for the thermistor was 21. 23. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION * When the pressure increased, the accuracy also increased * When the temperature increases the thermocouple became more accurate * The two calibration methods were proved accurate through the results of the data analysis * One recommendation would be to repeat the calibration test in order to have the absolute precise accuracy Figure: Both calibration systems| BIBLIOGRAPY [1] K. Angelica. Lab pictures. Loyola Marymount University. Los Angeles, CA 2010 APPENDICES APPENDIX A: SAMPLE CALCULATIONS APPENDIX A Sample Calculations Percent error Theoretical –Experimental x 100 = % error Experimental Ex. of P. R. = [(20-19. 6)/(20)]*(100) =2% Standard Deviation Ex. of S. D. =[(174. 04)/(13)] =3. 66

Nintendo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nintendo - Research Paper Example The Staying power projects that the firm has what it takes to remain in the market in posterity, since they produce quality products, are environmentally conscious and have worked to create a good reputation among their clientele base (Nintendo). The porter 5 analyses shows that Nintendo does not face a serious threat in regard to supplier power or new entrants as they control most supplies and the market is not currently very permeable due to the dominance of the firms already in it. Customer bargaining power is also limited due to the low cost of Nintendo’s products in comparison to rival firms; this is however not a long term situation and could easily change based on rivals strategic management. Threats from competing firms as well as substitute goods is substantially high since the other firm in the market provide alternatives, sometimes better ones that could reduce Nintendo’s customer base. Introduction Nintendo is one of the world’s oldest commercial firm s in the world and without doubt the oldest gaming company in existence today. It was started in 1889, 124 years ago as a Japanese playing card company and today, it has a $15 billion franchise with thousands of retail outlets world over. Despite its retrospective dominance, today it is faced with stiff competition from new companies such as Microsoft and Sony, which have taken over its lead. Nintendo introduced and popularized several products like coin operated video game machines and the NES (Nintendo Entertainment System), SNES (Super Nintendo Entertainment System), the world famous Gameboy and the Nintendo 64. With time, it has become a household brand with loyal customers and it is estimated that over 40 percent of Americas households have at least one branded product form the firm. Today, the firm is not only profitable but it is also among the market leaders concerning innovation and productivity as well as ethical business practices. However to realize the degree of success it has achieved required astute strategic management to ensure the firm not only remained productive but also relevant and dynamic enough to align itself to the changing times and when need arose be the force for change. The following analysis are thus carried out to present a clear picture of the strategic management decisions that have propelled the firm to its current position as well as explicate its current industrial placement. Analysis A SWOT analysis is a critical examination of the Strengths, Weakness, and Threats and opportunities facing a business, this is one of the most popular and reliable business analysis framework since it is all-inclusive and accommodating. One of the firm’s most significant strengths is to be found in its extensive global latitude that has allowed it to realize a geopolitical presence of near universal proportions with openings in majority of the world countries. Although most of the manufacture and design is primarily carried out in Japan , it has strong distribution networks that are have taken full advantage of the advent of globalization to make itself relevant and available. The global scope of the business means it is not overly reliant on particular markets considerably reducing the overall risk by creating a variety of contingencies. Its brand and logo have been adopted worldwide and acquired a good reputation as an electronic as a

The evolving nature of masculine and feminine roles in relationships Research Paper

The evolving nature of masculine and feminine roles in relationships - Research Paper Example Thornton, Axinn, and Xie observe that there are emerging cases where couples prefer cohabitation to legalised marriages based on their personal experiences, circumstances attitudes and family history (Thornton, Axinn, and Xie 36). Masculinity and femininity are socially determined components of gender. They define behaviours and characteristics observable in either male or female beings. Many times masculinity is associated with maleness while femininity is associated with femaleness Masculinity and femininity being a component of gender is a complex issue. According to Lippa, the concepts surrounding the subject of masculinity and femininity transform over time. Some of the factors responsible for these changes include family influences, biological influences, social influences, cultural influences, peer influences and individual feelings and influences. There is proving that parental socialization of boys and girls in interaction with biological predispositions defines how boys and girls interact with their peers. These interactions determine the femininity or masculinity characteristics that children adopt during their development (Lippa 187). There has been a transformation in the social perceptions of what it means to be feminine. Traditionally femininity entails being nice, submissive, unengaged and reliance. Masculinity and femininity determine the interaction among peers. Masculinity and femininity has also been associated with personal interest. According to psychologists individuals who exhibit masculine characteristics tend to show interest in mechanical and scientific subjects whereas individuals exhibiting feminine characteristics enjoy cultural and art related subjects (Lippa 44). Lippa argued that there are arguments that femininity is considered good for men and masculinity is considered good for women. This concept stands to explain the evolving nature of masculinity and femininity into instrumental traits and expressive traits. Instrumental tr aits include independence, dominance, assertiveness, and leadership abilities whereas expressive traits include sympathy, warmth, sensitivity and compassion. The instrumental traits define masculinity whereas the expressive traits define femininity. The instrumental traits explain why there are women who take up huge roles like taking care of the family, pursuing competitive such as managerial positions and politics. Individuals with expressive traits are considered feminine (Lippa 45). Men who possess expressive traits tend conform to feminine roles. Men who possess expressive traits taking up careers that are considered feminine such as nursing, teaching, and art related careers. Men with expressive traits have no problem raising taking care of the family while their women work to provide for the family. Roughgarden states that culture and society are responsible for imposing on individuals the appropriate way of expressing their sexual identity. According to Roughgarden masculini ty and femininity defines appearance, and behaviour humans. Roughgarden states that masculinity and femininity determines how an organism carious out a sexual role. Biologically masculinity and femininity differentiates the the characteristics possessed by males and females. However, Roughgarden points out the cross gender manifestation and behaviour is acceptable (Roughgarden 28). Roughgarden

Week 8 Question 1 Venture Capital Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 8 Question 1 Venture Capital - Assignment Example The company was making plans of launching new products and required a significant amount of money and venture capital was the best option for the company (Metrick & Yasuda, 2010). The venture capitalists that funded the operations of the company were mainly from the field of healthcare. Castlight Health Inc. stands to gain from the venture capital because it is yet to go public and at that time it would have expanded its operations which translate to higher profits. †¢Assess the challenges for businesses using the resources of a venture capitalist, given that significant returns on the investment are likely to be impacted by the firm. Indicate how a business can manage these expectations. Provide support for your rationale. The main disadvantage of venture capital is that it requires a very short time in generating cash. This puts a lot of financial pressure on the company and this may interfere with its daily operations. There is also the element of loss of control because the venture capitalist has made significant financial contributions in the operations of the company (Haislip, 2010). They venture capitalist may insist on appointing a representative on the management of the company. However, the business can manage the challenges by drafting an agreement to a number of restrictions as part of the deal. This includes the amount of cash to be paid and the number of people to be involved in the management team (Gladstone & Gladstone,

Placement Reflection With Memory Service Health And Social Care Essay

Placement Reflection With Memory Service Health And Social Care Essay This essay will include an introduction providing an overview of the placement undertaken and the relevant client group who access the service, a critical evaluation of three assessments that have been used within the service, one being Occupational Therapy specific, a discussion and examples given of how risk is assessed and managed within this practice setting, a discussion of the models of practice used, one intervention plan used with a particular client with an analysis of how the interventions were identified and prioritised, appraisal and justification of other potential intervention strategies, identification and evaluation of the impact of relevant legislation upon service provision within the practice setting, finally an evaluation of own performance as a student Occupational Therapist, and a conclusion. The practice placement setting was a city-wide Memory Service situated in North Yorkshire. The Memory Service is made up of a multi-disciplinary team of mental health professionals, working alongside the Alzheimers Society. The service facilitates early detection, diagnosis, and assessment of needs for older people with a memory problem, as well as giving support to their carers. Group support is also provided. Clients who are referred to the Memory Service are generally older adults who are experiencing early-stages of dementia. This essay will focus on one service-user who has been referred to the service diagnosed with Alzheimers Dementia, we will call him Max. The NHS website defines Alzheimers as being the most common form of dementia, which is a group of symptoms associated with a decline in mental abilities, such as memory and reasoning (NHS.uk, 2010) Max is in the early/forgetfulness stage of dementia (Schneck, Reisberg, Ferris, 1982) This includes mild impairment in memory and language, personality alterations, increased depression and anxiety, although there is no significant deterioration in ADL and is still able to live independently, however, it is apparent that Max is in need of some support. Moniz-Cook Wood (1997) suggest that psychosocial interventions are more effective in the early stages of dementia and memory services have great potential to provide early interventions for the service user. Max is experiencing difficulties in certain areas of his occupational performance, such as cooking/social isolation ASSESSMENT Identify and critically evaluate 3 Axs that are/could be used with the client group. The first step toward intervention is to assess the cognitive level of the client. An example of a standardised assessment is the Mini Mental State Examination 27/30 (MMSE) Folstein et al (1975) but in Memory Service the Addenbrookes cognitive examination (ACE-R) is used. The ACE-R is a brief cognitive test that assesses five cognitive areas: attention/orientation, memory, verbal fluency, language and visuo-spatial abilities. The total score is 100 of which Max scored 85/100. The ACE-R is easy to administer and only takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. The ACE-R results can vary depending on the intelligence of the client and their previous education, and also how literate they are. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was used to find out if Max was anxious or depressed. The results proved that Max was very anxious with him scoring 9/10 anxiety, however only 2/10 for depression which is not significant, therefore this score was discarded. it was highlighted that Max was anxious about beginning social contact again and integrating into the community A kitchen assessment was undertaken with Max and the Occupational Therapist to assess and observe any risks to Maxs well-being. It was highlighted that Max often left pans on the gas cooker and ended up burning them, therefore setting off the smoke alarm, worrying the neighbours. The unstructured observational assessment took place in Maxs kitchen at home which is a familiar environment and in keeping with his daily routine. Max decided to cook scrambled egg on toast as he felt comfortable making this. At the time the Occupational Therapist was also asking Max questions relevant to his daily routine and cooking, therefore also making it an informal interview. Although unstructured assessments cannot provide the reliability that structured assessments can, Kielhofner (2002) mentions several reasons that can justify the use of unstructured assessments, such as, to add to information previously gained through a structured assessment, lack of time, unacceptability of structured assessment by a client, lack of an appropriate structured assessment. The negative points of carrying out a kitchen assessment are that quite often each client has a certain time of the day when they may function a lot better, Jack functions well around midday once he has taken his pain medication for arthritis and he is more able to focus on tasks. The client may also know that they are being assessed and may do things differently to how they would if they were alone. The evidence gathered from these assessments showed the Occupational Therapist that Max is only slightly cognitively impaired and is still able to function relatively well and therefore it is important to support Max as much as we can in his own home. Discuss relevance of risk AX and provide examples of how risk is assessed and managed Risk assessment and management is an important part of professional processes in Occupational Therapy practice. Legislation and policies have been implemented to guide practice such as Alzheimers Society The risk profile section of the Functional Assessment of the Care Environment (FACE) assessment and outcomes system (Clifford, 1999) is used to allow the Occupational Therapist to assess and document any clinical risk that an individual may pose. FACE provides outcome data that enables a patients progress to be followed and also compared with other individuals. The FACE risk profile comprises of a front sheet that summarises a patients contact details, and ratings of risk which are placed on a five-point scale ranging from 0=no apparent risk, through to 4=serious and apparent risk. The second sheet is a checklist of historical and current indicators of risk grouped into categories e.g. clinical symptoms indicative of risk and treatment-related indicators of risk. The third sheet comprises free text boxes where a description of the specific risk factors, both current warning signs and risk history, can be fully describes and individualised for the patient. The fourth sheet comprises r elapse and risk management plan which can be specified and tailored for an individual. Some specific events from Maxs past were documented: Social isolation and exclusion. Max hardly ever left the house apart from to do a weekly shop on a Saturday morning; his wife died two years ago and has since been living alone. Max had very few leisure interests apart from painting, and there was no close family support. As the course of Alzheimers progresses, the global function of individuals with Alzheimers decline. (Kuo, 2009) Max may therefore become increasingly unable to look after himself which could pose a risk in the future i.e. self-neglect? Thom and Blair (1998) describe the role of Occupational Therapy in identifying actual risks to the individual through the use of functional assessment based on observation and interview. (MENTION ABOVE AX) It was observed that Max has limited mobility due to arthritis in his knees, this poses a physical risk of falls. Max is aware of his limited mobility, however does not walk with a stick unless outside as he feels a stick inside is a hindrance. All loose rugs have been removed and the access to Maxs house is flat. He is aware of falls prevention techniques but has requested a pendant alarm from Telecare, as he feels this is appropriate in case he has a fall at home. The furniture is placed so that Max can use this as an aid for walking from the lounge into the kitchen if he feels the need. It was also highlighted that there was a risk operating household appliances safely after the Occupational Therapist carried out a kitchen assessment with Max. It was noted that once Max had started cooking he left the pans on the hob and went off to watch television because he got bored and then consequently forgot about the pan. From the kitchen assessment the Occupational Therapist was able to intervene and reduce the potential risk by suggesting Max engage himself in an activity in the kitchen whilst the food was cooking. Therefore Max could watch over the food but also read a newspaper, or do a jigsaw puzzle to keep himself entertained. Explore application of a model of practice and a therapy approach that were/could be used The Model of Human Occupation (Kielhofner, 1995) is founded on the belief that meaningful occupation is central to our well-being and that human occupation can best be understood as a dynamic system. (Duggan, 2004) This looks at physical and social environments, habituation, skills, and personal causation. As dementia is a progressive disease, the physical environment may become less accessible. Dementia may also cause disorientation, making it harder for the individual to make their way around places they are not familiar with. Occupational Therapists focus on Occupational performance, therefore we are interested in how individuals function on a day-to-day basis with their work, leisure, domestic life, and personal care. We follow a person-centred approach A person-centred and holistic approach.; A holistic approach:leisure, personal care and occupation in relation to the physical, psychological, social, economic spiritual aspects of life, (Reed Sanderson, 1992) Creek, 2002. Kitwood describes: Personhood promotes older people as having the same basic rights to dignity, privacy, choice, independence fulfilment as people of any other age group. Social interaction will help maintain well-being (Kitwood Bredin, 1992), preventing deterioration of mental function. People in a state of well-being are active occupationally engaging by nature (Turner, 2001). . INTERVENTION PLANNING Provide 1 intervention plan which you have implemented and justify this with evidence and clinical reasoning Following Maxs assessment, an occupational strengths and needs list was drawn up for Max and from this an intervention plan was made based on Maxs desired aims, including long-term goals. Goals are targets that the client hopes to reach through involvement in occupational therapy (Creek, 2002, p.129) STRENGTHS NEEDS Insight into condition Socially isolated although Max is very easy to get on with Enjoys drawing/painting-expresses interest in joining a local group Lost wife 2 years ago-feels as though he has lost his role in life Physically functions quite well apart from arthritic knees Burnt Pans Identifies positive qualities: kind, talkative, sense of humour Appears anxious about social involvement Prioritising the plan involved negotiating with Max and other members of the mental health team e.g. community support team, and making sure that Maxs goals were realistic in terms of being achieved within the 6 weeks. Cox (2007) states that symptoms of dementia can significantly disrupt a persons ability to set or meet realistic goals, therefore it is important to make sure each goal is achievable within the six weeks. By prioritising which goals Max wishes to achieve first this highlights the use of a person-centred approach, although risk factors must be taken into consideration e.g. Maxs top priority is to be able to make an evening meal safely and independently without burning pans, this is obviously a potential risk to Max and should be carried out with a member of the mental health team first. To meet the following goals, SMART (specific, manageable, achievable, realistic and time specific) objectives were also established. Long-term goal 1 Max to make some of his historically favourite meals safely and independently. Week 1: Max and the Occupational Therapist will meet on Monday morning at Maxs house, to discuss the risks of cooking with a gas cooker and write these down. Week 2: Max and Occupational Therapist to discuss whether Max would like some reading material in the kitchen to engage Max whilst his meal is cooking, therefore allowing Max to be occupied but also to check his food regularly to prevent burning pans and potential fire hazards. Week 3: Max and Occupational Therapist to walk to the local shop on Monday morning, to gather ingredients for the meal Max has chosen and Occupational Therapist to write down basic instruction for making of the meal. Week 4: Max and Occupational Therapist to make the meal together at 5.30 pm on Tuesday, using the gas cooker and ingredients that were previously bought Due to the nature of dementia, cognitive abilities decrease over time, the environment must be adapted accordingly. People with dementia may be unable to learn new skills; however old skills and habits remain deeply ingrained, and these can be used long into the disease Basic Living skills can be of more purposeful and value to the older person than leisure, PADL skills have been found to be important in the goals of treatment with early onset dementia as they value their independence, dignity privacy (Willard Spackman, 2001) It is important to facilitate plenty of praise and encouragement, through positive reinforcement. It is easier for Max to complete a cooking task when it is broken down into sections, so putting out the ingredients on the worktop in the order they need to go in the pan. Achieving only one or two steps of a task may help to give Max a sense of achievement. Max has a short attention span and finds it hard to remember instructions, so writing down a list of short instructions on how to make his favourite meal will facilitate him in the cooking process. When making the meal for the first time the Occupational Therapist gave tactful verbal reminders and simple instructions to encourage Max. Long-term goal 2 Max will attend creative community based activities and social groups every week for 10 weeks. Max is a friendly and sociable person once he is around people, and he shows a strong interest in art and has many paintings around the house. Aims of the art group: to meet new people and develop social interaction through art work. Week 1: Provide Max with information about his local neighbourhood network, available Memory Service groups, and provide transport information so that Max can attend. Week 2: Accompany Max to attend a local art gallery, and establish a therapeutic relationship with him. Allow Max to socialise with other people at the Art Gallery and start to build up his confidence whilst getting him to talk about his favourite interest. Week 3: Support Max to access the service for the first time; attend a Memory Service lunch club on a Wednesday morning for two hours accompanied by the Occupational Therapist. Week 4: Max to attend a local Memory Service Open Art group for service-users once a week on Monday morning for two hours for 10 weeks. Week 5: Max to continue attending the open art group and aim to achieve a higher level of occupational performance, by grading activities. For an occupation to have any therapeutic benefit it must have purpose, value and meaning to the individual (McLaughlin-Gray, 1998). For Max, this is taking part in Art based activities, in his past he was a strong artist and spent most of his free time outside painting, therefore attending a local art group with similar people with memory loss this is an ideal chance for Max to express his creativity and becoming more socially integrated into the community. It is important that we find out what Max wants to do and what he would enjoy, otherwise there will be little therapeutic benefit. This is an example of Person-centred care: we look for the client to lead us into an understanding of what is good and right for them. Perrin May (2000, p.77) Research is beginning to indicate the value of providing educational and supportive memory groups for people in the early stages of dementia. This can be seen as a cost effective, successful intervention that provides an alternative treatment for people in the early stages of dementia (Knapp, 2006) When looking at the College of Occupational Therapists online dementia clinical forum, there was evidence by Graff et al, 2006, for community based occupational therapy for people with dementia and their caregivers. It found that ten sessions of community occupational therapy over five weeks improved the daily functioning of patients with dementia. Creative activity in groups has also been shown to reduce depression and isolation, offering the power of choice and decisions. Non-verbal therapy methods, such as painting, are able to influence the well-being of the patients positively. (Hannemann,2006) The role of the OT with general goals is in promoting occupation, health well-being taking into consideration that dementia is progressive when making intervention plans (Pedretti, 2001). Analyse how the interventions implemented were identified and prioritised Appraise and justify other potential intervention strategies Another potential intervention strategy was to install Just Checking, a web-based activity monitoring system that provides a chart of daily living activity via the web, allowing the Occupational Therapist to track (via sensors in each room) where the individual has been, for how long, and at what time. A Just Checking system could be used for Max to establish his daily routine and activity levels during the day/night. Max states that he is anxious and sits on the sofa most of the day, Just Checking can monitor what he gets up to on a daily basis for 2-3 weeks and then the Occupational Therapist can be sure that the care plans and interventions that they put into place are based on objective information, rather than on supposition. They can be confident that the plan more closely meets Maxs needs. It may highlight that Max needs extra support which can be provided by the Community Support Team. It was suggested to Max that he try a dosset box for his daily medication, as it was noted that Max was not always compliant with his medication. However, Max refused this idea as he was happy taking his medication from the packet, and he felt that a dosset box would upset his daily routine. Another suggestion for Max could be for him to keep a diary so he can note down everything that is important like taking medication at a certain time, and attending any necessary appointments. The Occupational Therapist also gave Max some information about a Reminiscence group that is starting in the New Year. On nearly every visit Max would get round to talking about his past or photographs that he had on the wall, so it seemed like a good suggestion for Max to attend this group. When searching the Cochrane Library database, Woods et al (2005) looked at the effects of reminiscence therapy for older people with dementia and their care-givers. The results were statistically significant for cognition (at follow-up), mood (at follow-up) and on a measure of general behavioural function (at the end of the intervention period). The use of reminiscence therapy with people with dementia has been linked with improvements in behaviour, well-being, social interaction, self-care and motivation (Gibson 1994) Although there is little specific evidence for the effectiveness of reminiscence in dementia care (Carr, Jarvis and Moniz-Cook 2009) Max has expressed an interest in joining because he feels as though he would gain some therapeutic benefit being able to talk about past events with people of a similar age and with memory problems. The Cochrane review concluded that there was inconclusive evidence of the efficacy of reminiscence therapy for dementia. However, taking studies together, some significant results were identified, including improvements in mood and cognition, lessening of care giver strain and improved functional ability. No harmful effects were identified. Identify and evaluate the impact of relevant legislation, health and social policy and clinical guidelines upon service provision overall It is important that Occupational Therapists have a clear set of principles to work alongside when working with a person with Dementia. Also it is important to follow the Codes of Ethics and Professional Conduct (COT, 2010) The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) is underpinned by 5 guiding principles which all staff must follow These are an assumption of capacity supporting people to make their own decisions people have the right to make eccentric or unwise decisions where someone lacks capacity staff must act in the persons best interests where someone lacks capacity any action we take on their behalf must generally be the least restrictive option The National Dementia Strategy for England (DoH, 2009a) is a five-year plan which has three main aims: to ensure better knowledge, to ensure early diagnosis and to develop services. The strategy has put a focus on improving support for this large and growing group of people. It sets out a vision to raise the standards of care for people with dementia and is of great significance to Occupational Therapists working in the Memory Service. Occupational therapists can ensure that both the clients and their carers have a better understanding about the impact of dementia. Occupational Therapists working in the Memory Service get to see clients performing various activities that are directly or indirectly affected by memory and other cognitive functions through observation and assessment and are, therefore, able to identify early signs of cognitive impairments and raise awareness about the functional implications of memory and other cognitive impairments. In the UK, the National Service Framework for Mental Health (DoH, 1999) has been the main guide for how services should be run. It is now being replaced by the New Horizons strategy (DoH, 2009b), which aims to promote good mental health and well-being whilst improving services for people who have mental health problems. Occupational Therapists need Includes early intervention: to improve long-term outcomes, personalised care: ensuring that care is based on individuals needs and wishes, leading to recovery New Horizons sets out an intention across a wide range of agencies to move towards a society where people understand that their mental well-being is as important as their physical health if they are to live their lives to the full. It describes some of the factors that affect well-being and some everyday strategies for preserving and boosting it. It is important that Occupational Therapists specialising in the field of dementia ensure that they have a copy of the National Service Framework for Older People and use it a guide for the minimum level of service provided. EVALUATION Analyse how evaluation of interventions was completed Analyse your own performance as a student OT Having completed this 7 week placement I feel as though I have grown in confidence and learned so around the field of Dementia. I have had the chance to observe and assess many people with different diagnosis of dementia and every single person has been different and unique, with different goals they want to achieve and what they wish to receive out of the service. I have learned that communicating with a person with dementia can be a slow process, it is important to be able to actively listen not only to the service-user but to the carer as well as they provide so much valuable information and they are usually so much involved in the care of the service-user. Reflective practice has been identified as one of the key ways in which we can learn from our experiences. It helps to develop knowledge and skills towards becoming professional practitioners. (Jasper, 2003)  Ã‚   It is important that as a student Occupational Therapist I learn from my experiences on placement in order to understand and develop my practice, this involves consciously thinking about things I am doing, actively listening and making decisions. From what I have observed I can then start the reflective process and describe the experience and analyse it. I used Gibbss reflective cycle (Gibbs, 1988) that consists of six stages of the reflective process and asks cue questions to prompt the memory. CONCLUSION Provide summary of key points Every individual has certain strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes, emotions and habits, needs and preferences, and this makes them unique. People with dementia are often denied these things as their disease progresses, therefore it is important to try and maintain as best as possible the individual characteristics that makes up that person. As Occupational Therapists we need to acknowledge the uniqueness of the person and realise that even if they have dementia they are still living their life. Structure and predictability are important aspects of the environment in which people with dementia live. Summarise how the interventions improved or maintained health and well being for the individual Brooker p.44 (2007) states that It is important to and appreciate that all people have a unique history and personality, physical and mental health, and social and economic resources, and that these will affect their response to dementia. There is good evidence that people with dementia can learn, and respond to their environment, and through groups they can experience an improvement in the quality of life. It may not be possible to reverse the effects of dementia, but some of the major difficulties for Dementia sufferers are caused by under-stimulation, withdrawal, depression, and anxiety, and these can be reduced. This can make a real difference to the person. Max has lost his motivation and he was anxious about leaving the house and becoming socially involved again because of his memory deficits and it took some gentle persuasion to get him involved again. However, the Occupational Therapist described to Max what was going to happen, and what he would be doing, and reminded him when to attend the group sessions so he did not need to worry. The Art Group is a closed group, and the same people meet for a number of sessions and they get to know each other and become familiar with the routine of the group. This is good for Max as he is able to make some new friends, return to a familiar environment each week, and start to establish a routine. The leaders of the group get to know the members and are able to plan activities according to each member. Max expressed a strong interest in watercolour painting, and the art group leader was able to accommodate this. The achievement of leisure goals helped Max to sustain his self-esteem and morale.

Language of Hysteria Essay

During the 1690s, there was a mass hysteria due to beliefs of the existence of witches. With this fact came the Salem Witch Trials which occurred in Salem Village, Massachusetts. A young child began to exhibit abnormal behaviour and so she was taken in to be examined, they found nothing that could cause her to behave in such a manner. The entire village began to panick and started praying to God to get rid of evil. Conspiracies began to take rise in the village that made the villagers believe that there were witches in their village. Three women were accused of having relations with the Satan. Accusations grew larger and soon there were people who were tried and were killed. These events led to the Salem Witch Trials. The hysteria grew and began to worry people of high standings and soon the assumptions of witchcraft ended. Due to misconceptions and assumptions the Salem Witch Trials began. During the 1930s there was a mass hysteria of alien invasions. This became known as the War of the Worlds radio broadcast sent out by Orson Welles. Welles adds in effects that could cause the people to go into a state of panic. He got the idea from H. G. Wells’ novel The War of the Worlds. Bad timing became the cause of this mass hysteria. Due to the fact that during those times many people had radios and most families were listening to popular shows and by the time they got to Welles’ they were not able to listen to his introduction. They heard music being interrupted and surprising news of explosions and other sounds that exemplify an alien invasion. The people that tuned in to the radio broadcast late misunderstood and developed a fear and this one of the many causes of the mass hysteria in the 1930s. During the 1690s and the 1930s there mass hysterias like the Salem Witch Trials and the War of the Worlds radio broadcast that caused people to go into panic. These panic attacks were due to misconceptions and misunderstandings. The connection between these two mass hysterias is that the people misunderstood in both situations and caused them to start to panic. These two events have the common factor of how the events occurred.

An Informal Letter

Lot 6579, Gong Kepas Dalam Village, Alor Lintang,22200, Besut Terengganu,Malaysia. Dear Rowan Love, I'm so pleased to see your purple coloured letter in my mailbox this morning. (You put some raspberry shaped stickers on it! It smells great! ) So,you've been asking on how to take are of orphaned kittens right? Okay,this is based on my previous experience when I found a three week year old kitten in my school,I named her Gabby. (She is all grown up! ) Basically,you need KMR (Kitten Milk Replacer) or lactose free milk,a towel,tray,litter sand a syringe or cat milk bottle and wetfood. You may use dryfood but be sure to mix it with water if the kitten is below 2 months old. If the kitten shivers,wrap the kitten,not too tight or too loose and put it in your shirt as it cannot generate it's own heat. Next,feed the kitten with KMR and wetfood. Remember,never feed the kitten wiith cow milk or lactose containing drink because cats are lactose intolerant,If you insist,the kitten may suffering diarrhea which eventually leads to death. Second,create a kitten box,Just put a tray and litter sand and two layers of towels in a very big box or a medium-sized cage. Be sure to check the kitten's stool. It should'nt be too hard,too watery or with mucus. If it is consult to the veterinar immediately as the kitten may suffering a diarrhea. Okay,here's a few handy tips. If the kitten's medication is syrup,use a syringe to give t to the kitten. If it is in a pill form,crush it inside a plastic bag and mix it with wetfood. Do not force feed unless you need to. Alright,that's all for now,I hope that answers your doubt. Refer to the net if my information is not sufficient for you. From your BFF, Syakeera.

Orwell 1984

Orwell 1984 posters on every corner, reminding citizens of Oceania that Big Brother is always watching them. (p4) - A cold, dark world. I.e.) "Down in the street little eddies of wind were whirling dust and torn paper into spirals, and though the sun was shining and the sun a harsh blue, there seemed to be no colour in anything, except the posters that were plastered everywhere." (p4) - Helicopters skimming down between the roofs, a sign of the police patrol, snooping into people's windows. (p4) - Rocket bombs exploding in London with dull, reverberating roars. (p28) - Horrible living conditions. I.e.) "Never quite enough to eat, one never had socks or underclothes that were not full of holes, furniture had always been bad and rickety, rooms underheated, tube trains crowded, houses falling to pieces, bread dark-coloured nothing cheap and plentiful." (p63) - "Decaying, dingy cities where underfed people shuffled to and fro in leaky shoes, in patched-up nineteenth-century houses that smelt always of cabbage and bad lavatories."English: Proles Dysangelium logo(p77) - Most people lived in slums. - Bombs dropped on playgrounds with "several dozen children blown to pieces." (p156) - Amid the decaying buildings in London, during Hate Week, there is singing, banners, dancing, speeches, drums, trumpets, marching, posters, and films. Party Members - Outer Party Members - Each Party member has a telescreen within their home that monitors and scrutinizes each and every move they make. It cannot be turned off. - Forced to wear an expression of quiet optimism when facing the telescreen. - Had to wear blue overalls, the uniform of the Party. - Given a small amount of coupons to trade in for clothing, food, etc. - They are constantly under the watch of the Thought Police. - Not much food to eat in their homes. - Forbidden to...

The Unification of China Essay Example

The Unification of China Essay Example The Unification of China Essay The Unification of China Essay When I foremost read the full Sima Qian papers. I instantly thought that I was come ining top secret files or records or something like a diary from Qian himself. Then I realized that this was his occupation. to document the activities of the Emperor. and I got a small less aroused about the play within the reading but focused on the stuff. The fusion of China had its good and bad consequences. I personally think that the consequences could hold been obtained a different and less barbarous manner than what the Emperor did. but irrespective of the procedure. a totalitarian authorities was formed as a consequence of the events consolidative China. When the Emperor ordered the history and free address to be destroyed. in his head at the clip it made sense. He was seeking to govern a state and finally graduate to the universe in the eyes of the manner that one individual. himself. shall see it and run it. That makes perfect sense to wipe out. or order everyone. to fire all remains of instruction. cognition. and information from the society he wished to catch. He was a really smart adult male because he was intelligent plenty to seek to acquire everyone to see that it was his manner or decease. and everyone feared decease so they obeyed his orders and ridded all paperss and books among other gear. This adult male reminded me of Hitler about except Hitler used more psychological tactics and convinced a whole state that they were superior to the Jews. The Emperor here merely threatened everyone to side with him or they were to be executed. so logically these citizens merely did what he said to avoid death. I can’t say I wouldn’t have done the same exact thing they did. Most people were likely scared of this adult male and the sum of power he obtained and how he was utilizing his power was endangering within itself. The Emperor truly was in his ain small universe psychologically and he tried to do that bogus universe a world about and forced others to make what he wanted to do his phantasy a world. Apparently there was some sort of myth affecting immortality herbs and workss or something of that nature and of class the Emperor’s greedy buttocks wanted it and had people seeking for this substance ; so he ordered people to get down edifice walls and roads. which is where the Great Wall of China came from. and concealing him out in topographic points because he didn’t want anyone to cognize of his whereabouts as he gets this sacred works of immortality. At some point in what I call his personal lone parturiency. he goes brainsick believing that merely because th e passenger cars and outriders are outside that they all know that he is located at that place in the mountains and even when they leave. he is still paranoid and blamed the castrate for leaking his fell out topographic point. He approaches the castrate. gathers them all and asked them who exposed of his get-a-way topographic point and of class none of them confessed ( likely because none of them did it ) and he arrested them all and executed them. At this point. I’m believing this adult male is either brainsick or on a ace power battle and it might be a mixture of both. Master Hou and Master Lu turn out precisely everything that I said was true with this quotation mark. The First Emperor is by nature obstinate. cruel. and froward. He rose up from among the feudal swayers to unify the full imperium. and now that he has achieved his terminals and fulfilled his desires. he believes that there has neer been anyone like him since remote antiquity†¦the emperor delectations in demoing his authorization by penalizing and killing. and everyone throughout the imperium dreads penalty and attempts simply to keep his place. none make bolding to exercise true trueness. The emperor neer learns of his errors and hence grows daily more chesty. while his subordinates. prostrate with fright. flatter and deceive him in order to curry favour. This moved me in the sense that I can non image this brainsick adult male being my president or holding any type of power because he evidently doesn’t cognize how to utilize it decently for humanity. This adult male killed people without believing twice but merely because he had the power to make it. he did. That sort of outlook is flooring and so to cognize he had no compunction for killing 460 bookmans for no ground is even more lurid. He got each bookman to sell each other out and they still got killed anyhow. It’s merely dejecting that a human being would make that much harm and kill all those people with the simple rubric of Emperor. I don’t think that him uniting China was supposed to go on candidly. He wanted to unite the universe into small Martians of what he wanted it to be which is why he took the attack of occupying all of those metropoliss and taking everything that the black-headed people had so they would hold nil else to populate for than what he employed them to make because they about had no other pick if they wanted to last. The lone other option. given the Emperor’s history. is most likely decease so they merely accepted his invasion and turned into small automatons for him. This was likely the Emperor’s program for how he was traveling to take over the full universe. but of class we know it didn’t acquire rather that far. The first Emperor’s impact was rather good for the people. They realized that after holding merely one individual running a state that it turns to chaos with a major power battle and the lone manner to hold a good civilisation is for all of the small metropoliss to come together and govern as a whole. This emperor’s daftness was all the motive for the people to unify and go as one state alternatively of many small 1s that will merely contend for power and resources. They collected all arms and put the stuffs to good usage in projecting bells. bell bases. and statues. The balance was used in the castle and the people created one criterion authorship system for the hereafter.

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Human resource management - Essay Example d organizing an effective workforce that is able to make valuable contribution of promoting a sense of togetherness and collective responsibility that reflects in the increased output and improved performance outcome of the organizational goals and objectives. Understanding of organizational behaviour is essential ingredient of organizational communication which motivates people to better performance, leading to higher productivity. Effective communication facilitates better understanding of cross cultural values and cuts across the multi cultural layer of the organization and is the key to enhance the overall performance of the organization. Schwenk says that ‘employee’s absolute commitment to a shared vision of change is seen by many leaders/ change agents as so important for their organization’s continued survival’ (Schwenk, 1997, p4). It therefore implies that high morale of the workforce results in improved performance outcome of the organization. Maslow argues that ‘People’s behaviours are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs’ comprising of self actualization, status, acknowledgement, reward and retention (Schwalbe, 2007). Hence, managerial leadership that encourages and promotes proactive participation and collective decision making significantly inspires the workforce to improved performance outcome. Indeed, Quick et al. have also stressed ‘it is possible that psychological well-being and employee performance are related’ (Quick et al, 1997). In CCB International, the theoretical aspect of human resource management is well understood by the senior management and CEO but not taken up with sensitive approach. The concept of workforce as human capital is accepted by the Managing director but the Head of HR department feels that morale building and team spirit can be achieved through joint activities and are not vital part of organizational culture. He also argues that HR strategy is limited to meeting the HR requirements and may

Pick one cultural space, site, exhibition, performance or project. How Essay

Pick one cultural space, site, exhibition, performance or project. How inclusive and participatory is it, and why - Essay Example This paper looks at a cultural performance and analyzes its inclusivity and participation. It discusses Morris Dancing specifically from historical, artistic and various cultural aspects. Theories discussed in the paper will be applied on this dance to help understand if this culture is inclusive and participatory or not. Various academic resources are consulted to understand how humans perceive and live cultures. The essay also looks into the reasons why some cultural practices are inclusive while others are rigid. Towards the end, a brief summary of the research findings are given as a summary to help understand why such cultural behaviours exist and how humans, on a collective basis, can improve their cultural and artistic thinking and behaviour in the future. The earliest record of Morris Dancing dates back to 1448 when a payment of seven shilling was paid by the Goldsmiths’ Company in London to a group of Morris Dancers (Heaney, 2004). It might have started purely as entertainment but later it became a part of the English culture and spread across the globe as a British cultural dance. Even though different cultures like American, Australian, and Canadian cultures enjoy it but the Morris Dance groups are mostly British expatriates. In other words Morris Dancing is specific to the British culture. It is impossible to confine arts and culture in a narrow definition. For this reason it is convenient to think of arts in terms of institutionalized definition. ‘Art world’ is the exhilaration of artistic skills, mostly displayed at places like museums, academia, art galleries etc. (Belfiore & Bennett, 2008). The same applies to culture as it manifests itself in various cultural exhibitions and art forms, including dancing. The distinctions in culture are stronger than they are in art. When Morris Dancing was purely aesthetical, it was flexible